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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
Published on: June 18, 2020
Outbreak of severe Hepatitis A in Eastern Piedmont, Italy
Antonella Rossati1, Olivia Bargiacchi1, Vesselina Kroumova2
1Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy.
Abstract:
Hepatitis A (HA) is caused by a hepatovirus from the family Picornaviridae (Hepatitis A Virus, HAV). Transmission occurs mainly by the orofaecal route through food or water contaminated by faeces. Sexual transmission has also been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM). From February to May 2017, 14 patients with HA were hospitalized at the University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", Novara (Eastern Piedmont), Italy. One patient was two years old and was therefore admitted to the Paediatric Unit, the remaining 13 to the Infectious Disease Unit. Two of the adults were female and the rest (11) were male. The male patients were MSM, and contracted the infection sexually; three of them were known to be HIV positive, while two had a new diagnosis of syphilis infection. Women contracted the infection from contaminated food.
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