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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials like niobium diselenide (2H-NbSe2) exhibit complex electronic phases.
  • Charge Density Wave (CDW) phases in 2H-NbSe2 have been spectroscopically identified but lacked bulk measurement confirmation.
  • Understanding quantum phase transitions is crucial for novel electronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide the first bulk measurement evidence of dynamically modulated quantum phase transitions between distinct CDW phases in 2D 2H-NbSe2.
  • To investigate the role of device fabrication, disorder, and strain on CDW phase behavior.
  • To resolve the mystery behind the anomalously large spectroscopic gap in 2H-NbSe2.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of suspended, ultrathin 2H-NbSe2 devices on piezoelectric substrates.
  • Tuning of flake thickness, disorder, and strain.
  • Measurement of conductance fluctuation spectra across the CDW transition temperature.
  • Mean-field theoretical calculations.
  • Application of lateral strain via piezoelectric actuation to map the phase diagram.

Main Results:

  • Observed quantized conductance fluctuations between two precise values, separated by a quantum of conductance, across the CDW temperature.
  • These quantized fluctuations were absent in disordered and on-substrate devices.
  • Mean-field calculations supported the interpretation of a dynamical phase transition between CDW states.
  • Strain engineering via piezoelectric substrates allowed mapping of the phase diagram near the quantum critical point.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first bulk evidence for dynamically modulated quantum phase transitions between CDW phases in 2D 2H-NbSe2.
  • Quantized conductance fluctuations are a signature of these transitions in clean, suspended devices.
  • The findings resolve the long-standing puzzle of the large spectroscopic gap in 2H-NbSe2 and highlight the importance of strain and disorder in 2D materials.