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Universal Scaling and Critical Exponents of the Anisotropic Quantum Rabi Model.

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We explored quantum phase transitions in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model, revealing a universal behavior across different spin numbers. This establishes a robust universality applicable from single spins to the thermodynamic limit.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum many-body systems

Background:

  • The quantum Rabi model describes light-matter interaction.
  • Anisotropy in coupling strengths leads to distinct universal properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate quantum phase transitions in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model.
  • Determine the universality class at finite anisotropy.
  • Extend findings to few-body systems.

Main Methods:

  • Combination of analytic and numerical approaches.
  • Extraction of phase diagrams, scaling functions, and critical exponents.
  • Analysis of few-body systems with N>1 spins.

Main Results:

  • Phase diagram and critical exponents determined for finite anisotropy.
  • Identified superradiance-induced effective mass freezing.
  • Discontinuous scaling functions observed in the Jaynes-Cummings limit.
  • Established universality for N=1 up to the thermodynamic limit.

Conclusions:

  • The anisotropic quantum Rabi model exhibits a strong form of universality.
  • Findings are valid across various spin numbers, from N=1 to the thermodynamic limit.
  • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of quantum phase transitions in this model.