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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Trait and State Self-Esteem02:08

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The term self-esteem is often used generically, to refer to how people feel about themselves. However, according to research, there are three distinct constructs that should not be used interchangeably (Brown & Marshall, 2006). 
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Primary Motives: Sleep, Sex, and Pain Avoidance01:24

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Primary motives such as sleep, sex, and pain avoidance are crucial drivers of behavior in humans and animals. These motives ensure survival, reproductive success, and overall well-being by prompting actions that meet essential bodily needs.
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Attitudes01:54

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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Outcomes of Glycolysis01:13

Outcomes of Glycolysis

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Nearly all the energy used by cells comes from the bonds that make up complex organic compounds. These organic compounds are broken down into simpler molecules, such as glucose. As a result, cells extract energy from glucose over many chemical reactions—a process called cellular respiration.
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Football: A Painful Legacy for Players?

Gerald Secor Couzens

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |December 30, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Professional football offers fame and fortune but carries significant injury risks that persist after a player's career ends. Parents and young athletes should consult physicians about the long-term health implications of playing football.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Orthopedics
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Professional football is associated with significant physical demands and potential long-term health consequences.
    • Athletes and their families frequently seek medical guidance regarding the risks versus rewards of participating in high-impact sports.
    • Understanding the chronic effects of football injuries is crucial for informed decision-making.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the trade-offs between the benefits (fame, salary) and the long-term injury risks in professional football.
    • To provide information for high school athletes and parents consulting family physicians about football participation.

    Main Methods:

    • This study is a review of existing literature on the long-term health outcomes of professional football players.

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  • Analysis of reported injuries and their chronic effects.
  • Consideration of the psychosocial factors associated with professional football.

    • Main Results:

    • Professional football careers involve substantial risks of injuries that can have lasting effects.
    • The long-term physical toll may challenge the perceived benefits of fame and financial compensation.
    • Data suggests a need for comprehensive medical counseling for young athletes.

    Conclusions:

    • The decision to play professional football involves weighing significant, persistent injury risks against potential rewards.
    • Physicians play a key role in advising families on the health implications of football.
    • Further research into mitigating long-term football-related injuries is warranted.