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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bacterial generation time, the period required for a bacterial population to double during its exponential growth phase, serves as a critical measure of microbial growth dynamics under optimal conditions. This parameter varies significantly across bacterial species and can be influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, and the availability of nutrients. For example, Escherichia coli can achieve a generation time of approximately 20 minutes, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibits a much...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Ankle fractures: Getting it right first time.

Anna S Walsh1, Victoria Sinclair1, Patrick Watmough1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Bolton Hospital, Minerva Road, Bolton, BL4 0JR, United Kingdom.

Foot (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|December 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preventable complications after ankle open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) occur due to errors in surgical technique and hardware selection. Addressing these issues can reduce the need for revision surgery in ankle fracture treatment.

Keywords:
AnkleFracture fixationOpen reduction internal fixationWeber classification

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Trauma Care
  • Surgical Training

Background:

  • Ankle fractures are common, with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) a frequent initial orthopaedic training procedure.
  • Inadequate surgical technique or hardware can lead to ORIF failure, necessitating revision surgery and increasing complication risks.
  • Many secondary procedures for ankle fractures are preventable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the incidence and causes of early failure following ankle ORIF.
  • To identify patient and surgical factors contributing to secondary procedures after ankle ORIF.
  • To improve surgical training and outcomes for ankle fracture fixation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of ankle ORIF patients over two years.
  • Identification of patients requiring re-operation within eight weeks of primary surgery.
  • Review of X-rays and recording of failure causes, patient factors, and surgical details.

Main Results:

  • 13.2% of patients (5.5%) required re-operation within eight weeks.
  • Syndesmotic injury (54%) was the most common reason for re-operation, followed by fixation failure (23%).
  • Type 2 diabetes was present in 39% of patients needing revision; unsupervised registrars performed 46% of primary procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical errors in addressing syndesmosis and fibula length occur at all training levels.
  • Inappropriate hardware selection and placement, especially in osteopenic bone, lead to fixation failure.
  • Preventable secondary procedures in ankle fracture treatment highlight the need for improved surgical technique and training.