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The Female Athlete Triad.

Angela D Smith

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |December 31, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    The female athlete triad, a serious health condition involving disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis, requires early detection in female athletes, particularly in appearance-based sports. Prompt identification of warning signs and multidisciplinary treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible bone loss and potential death.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Women's Health
    • Orthopedics

    Background:

    • The female athlete triad (disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis) impacts female athletes across various sports.
    • Appearance-based sports like gymnastics may present unique pressures contributing to the triad.
    • The condition can lead to irreversible bone loss and mortality, underscoring the need for early detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the significance of early detection of the female athlete triad.
    • To inform about the behavioral and physical signs associated with the triad.
    • To outline the components of effective multidisciplinary treatment for the female athlete triad.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of common signs and symptoms of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis in female athletes.

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  • Identification of behavioral indicators for early recognition by family, friends, coaches, and physicians.
  • Description of standard multidisciplinary treatment approaches.
  • Main Results:

    • Behavioral cues such as eating alone or bathroom use after meals, and laxative misuse are potential indicators.
    • Physical signs include fatigue, anemia, depression, cold intolerance, lanugo, and dental erosion from vomiting.
    • Early detection is imperative due to the risk of irreversible bone loss and death.

    Conclusions:

    • Friends, parents, coaches, and physicians must be vigilant for triad symptoms.
    • Comprehensive treatment involves education, addressing contributing factors, nutritional restoration, and hormonal therapy when indicated.
    • Timely intervention is critical to mitigate the severe health consequences of the female athlete triad.