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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

Published on: May 3, 2018

Unstable Binocular Fixation Affects Reaction Times But Not Implicit Motor Learning in Dyslexia.

Anna Przekoracka-Krawczyk^1,2, Alicja Brenk-Krakowska^1,2, Pawel Nawrot¹

¹Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|December 31, 2017

Summary

Developmental dyslexia is linked to motor deficits. This study found unstable binocular vision affects reaction times in dyslexic adults, but not implicit motor learning, suggesting potential cerebellar involvement.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Developmental dyslexia is associated with reading difficulties and broader motor deficits.
Unstable binocular fixation may contribute to reading problems and affect motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of unstable binocular fixation on reaction times (RTs) and implicit motor learning (IML) in individuals with dyslexia.
To explore the relationship between binocular instability, motor deficits, and cerebellar function in dyslexia.

Main Methods:

Assessed fixation disparity and its instability using subjective tests (Wesson card, modified Mallett test).
Measured RTs and IML using a modified Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT).
Compared data from a dyslexic group (DG, n=29) and a control group (CG, n=30), with both binocular and monocular testing conditions.

Main Results:

The dyslexic group exhibited poorer binocular stability and significantly longer RTs in binocular testing compared to controls (534 ms vs. 411 ms).
RTs did not differ significantly between dyslexic and control groups under monocular conditions (431 ms vs. 424 ms).
The dyslexic group showed impaired IML compared to controls (25 ms vs. 50 ms), independent of viewing condition.

Conclusions:

Unstable binocularity in dyslexia impacts reaction times but not implicit motor learning.
Impaired IML in dyslexia appears independent of viewing conditions and may indicate cerebellar dysfunction.