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Bone response to functionally loaded, two-piece zirconia implants: A preclinical histometric study.

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A two-piece zirconia implant demonstrated comparable bone integration to titanium implants in canine mandibles after 16 weeks. Both implant types showed successful osseointegration and no significant differences in bone-to-implant contact or density.

Keywords:
acid-etched sandblastedcrestal bonedental implantsdoghistomorphometric analysisosseointegrationzirconia implant

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Implantology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Titanium implants are the gold standard for dental restorations.
  • Zirconia implants offer a metal-free alternative with potential aesthetic advantages.
  • Evaluating the long-term bone response of zirconia implants is crucial for clinical adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the bone response of a two-piece zirconia implant versus a titanium implant.
  • To assess osseointegration, bone density, and inflammatory cell response.
  • To evaluate implant stability and restoration success over 16 weeks.

Main Methods:

  • Bilateral placement of zirconia and titanium implants in canine mandibles.
  • Restoration placement after 6 weeks of healing, followed by functional loading.
  • Histologic and histometric analysis of bone-to-implant contact (BIC), crestal bone level, peri-implant bone density, and multinucleated giant cells-to-implant contact (MIC) at 4 and 16 weeks.

Main Results:

  • All implants and restorations remained functional without loss or fracture.
  • No statistically significant differences were found between zirconia and titanium implants in BIC, crestal bone level, or bone density.
  • Multinucleated giant cells-to-implant contact (MIC) was low and decreased over time for both implant types.

Conclusions:

  • The two-piece zirconia implant exhibits comparable bone integration to titanium implants.
  • Zirconia implants demonstrate similar osseointegration potential and peri-implant bone response.
  • The findings support the use of zirconia implants as a viable alternative to titanium in dental applications.