Observations on the bite of the southern burrowing asp (Atractaspis bibronii) in Natal

The burrowing asp, Atractaspis bibronii, causes a significant proportion of cases of snakebite near Empangeni, Natal. Data from 8 cases are presented. All were in rural Zulus, and the bites were usually inflicted on the foot during summer nights, in or near the patient's home. There was no sexual bias, but over 50% of the victims were under 14 years of age. Envenomation was mild, characterised by moderate to intense pain and localised swelling, regional lymphadenopathy with occasional discoloration, blistering or necrosis at the bite site. Neurological signs were absent, but symptoms of headache, painful eye movements, dry mouth and hoarseness were recorded. Minor haematological abnormalities were detected in a few patients. Treatment involved analgesics and limb elevation, with antibiotic cover and intravenous fluids when necessary. Antivenom is not effective and was not used. There were no deaths.