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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

22
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
20
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

16
Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
16
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

20
Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

24
Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis
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Silica-based nanoparticles are efficient delivery systems for temoporfin.

Ingrid Brezániová1, Kamil Záruba1, Jarmila Králová2

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
|December 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Silica nanoparticles loaded with temoporfin show superior anticancer efficacy compared to commercial formulations. These nanoparticles effectively target cancer cells and demonstrate potential for treating brain metastases.

Keywords:
Blood-brain barrierDrug deliveryPhotodynamic therapySilica nanoparticlesTemoporfin

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles enhance drug targeting for anticancer therapies, improving efficiency and reducing side effects.
  • Silica-based nanoparticles were developed as drug delivery systems for temoporfin, a second-generation photosensitizer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate silica nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for temoporfin.
  • To compare the efficacy of temoporfin-loaded silica nanoparticles with commercial temoporfin formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles assessed using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.
  • In vitro phototoxicity evaluated in 4T1 cells and in vivo anticancer effects studied in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors.

Main Results:

  • Both porous and non-porous silica nanoparticles demonstrated superior in vitro phototoxicity and cellular uptake compared to commercial temoporfin.
  • Temoporfin-loaded silica nanoparticles exhibited enhanced in vivo anticancer effects in a human breast cancer model.
  • These nanoparticles successfully crossed the blood-brain barrier, indicating potential for treating brain metastases.

Conclusions:

  • Silica nanoparticles represent a promising drug delivery system for temoporfin, outperforming the commercial formulation.
  • The developed nanoparticles show significant potential for treating various cancers, including brain metastases, due to their enhanced efficacy and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.