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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Sampling for Estimating Frankliniella Species Flower Thrips and Orius Species Predators in Field Experiments
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Sampling alien species inside and outside protected areas: Does it matter?

Aristides Moustakas1, Anneta Voutsela2, Stelios Katsanevakis3

  • 1Institute for Applied Data Analytics, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei.

The Science of the Total Environment
|December 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protected areas often have more alien species data, but this study shows protected area status is a poor predictor of alien plant richness. Accounting for human pressures is key to understanding alien species distribution in both protected and non-protected areas.

Keywords:
Alien speciesBiological invasionsData analyticsMixed effects modelsNon-native speciesProtected areasSpatial statistics

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Data on alien species presence are more accessible in protected areas due to increased sampling.
  • This raises questions about the representativeness of findings from protected areas for non-protected regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if alien plant presence data from protected areas in Greece are representative of non-protected regions.
  • To investigate the relationship between protected area status, land cover, and alien species richness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mixed-effects models with alien species presence as the dependent variable.
  • Independent variables included the percentage of protected area and richness of agricultural/artificial land cover types.
  • Examined spatial cross-correlation between protected area percentage and alien species richness across scales.

Main Results:

  • The percentage of protected area was a poor predictor of alien species richness.
  • Cells with higher protected area percentages showed slightly fewer alien species.
  • A negative correlation was observed between habitat protection and anthropogenic activities.

Conclusions:

  • Findings from protected areas may represent non-protected areas if human pressures are considered.
  • Alien species distribution patterns are influenced by a complex interplay of protection status and human activity.
  • Future studies should integrate human pressure indicators for more robust ecological assessments.