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A double-difference method for high-resolution acoustic tracking using a deep-water vertical array.

Ludovic Tenorio-Hallé1, Aaron M Thode1, Jit Sarkar1

  • 1Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA.

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|January 1, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel double-difference method improves acoustic source localization in deep water. This technique offers an order of magnitude improvement in positional accuracy compared to traditional ray-tracing for towed sources and marine mammals.

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Area of Science:

  • Ocean acoustics
  • Geophysics
  • Array signal processing

Background:

  • Ray-tracing estimates acoustic source range and depth using multipath data on vertical arrays in deep water.
  • Inaccurate array inclination and environmental uncertainties limit ray-tracing precision for acoustic event trajectories.
  • Seismic "double-difference" methods precisely locate earthquakes by analyzing travel-time differences between events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt and reformulate the seismic double-difference method for acoustic multipath measurements.
  • To enhance the accuracy of acoustic source localization using a single vertical hydrophone array.
  • To compare the performance of the double-difference method against traditional ray-tracing.

Main Methods:

  • Reformulated the double-difference technique for acoustic multipath data from a vertical array.
  • Converted time-varying elevation angles and relative multipath arrival times into relative source position changes.
  • Applied the method to data from a 128-element vertical array in 4 km deep water.

Main Results:

  • Accurately reproduced the trajectory of a controlled towed acoustic source within meters at nearly 50 km range.
  • Achieved positional errors an order of magnitude lower than ray-tracing for both the towed source and a sperm whale.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of the double-difference approach in challenging deep-water acoustic environments.

Conclusions:

  • The reformulated double-difference method significantly enhances acoustic source localization accuracy in deep water.
  • This technique provides a more robust and precise alternative to conventional ray-tracing for tracking acoustic sources.
  • The method shows promise for localizing both artificial sources and marine mammals with high fidelity.