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Paraspeckles: Where Long Noncoding RNA Meets Phase Separation.

Archa H Fox1, Shinichi Nakagawa2, Tetsuro Hirose3

  • 1School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|January 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) form paraspeckles, nuclear bodies that regulate genes by sequestering RNA and proteins. These dynamic structures play key roles in various cellular processes.

Keywords:
RNA–protein interactionsgene regulationlong noncoding RNAmembraneless organellesparaspeckles

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression, but their functions are not fully understood.
  • Paraspeckles are nuclear bodies composed of proteins and a specific lncRNA scaffold, serving as a model system for studying lncRNA function.
  • Understanding paraspeckle formation and function is essential for elucidating complex gene regulatory networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural organization and functional mechanisms of paraspeckles.
  • To explore the role of RNA-protein and protein-protein interactions in paraspeckle assembly.
  • To highlight the emerging roles of paraspeckles in diverse cellular contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lncRNA scaffolds and protein components.
  • Investigation of polymerization and phase separation in paraspeckle formation.
  • Studying the impact of paraspeckles on gene regulation via sequestration.

Main Results:

  • Paraspeckles form through complex RNA-protein and protein-protein interactions, including polymerization and phase separation.
  • Paraspeckles sequester specific proteins and RNAs, affecting their availability in the nucleoplasm.
  • Paraspeckles are implicated in a wide range of cellular functions and processes.

Conclusions:

  • Paraspeckles are dynamic nuclear organelles with significant roles in gene regulation.
  • The study of paraspeckles provides insights into the function of lncRNAs and nuclear bodies.
  • Emerging evidence suggests paraspeckles are involved in numerous cellular settings, highlighting their broad biological importance.