Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns Derived From the Extracellular Matrix Provide Temporal Control of Innate
Charles W Frevert1, Jessica Felgenhauer1, Malgorzata Wygrecka2
1Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Abstract:
It is evident that components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through direct interactions with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes. Through these interactions, ECM-derived DAMPs autonomously trigger sterile inflammation or prolong pathogen-induced responses through the production of proinflammatory mediators and the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of injury and infection. Recent research, however, suggests that ECM-derived DAMPs are additionally involved in the resolution and fine-tuning of inflammation by orchestrating the production of anti-inflammatory mediators that are required for the resolution of tissue inflammation and the transition to acquired immunity. Thus, in this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the interplay between ECM-derived DAMPs and the innate immune signaling pathways that are activated to provide temporal control of innate immunity.
Insights
Extracellular matrix components act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), initiating sterile inflammation. However, these ECM-derived DAMPs also help resolve inflammation and transition to acquired immunity.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Extracellular matrix (ECM) components function as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
- ECM-derived DAMPs interact with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes.
- These interactions initiate sterile inflammation or amplify pathogen-induced immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the dual role of ECM-derived DAMPs in inflammation.
- To discuss their involvement in both initiating and resolving inflammatory processes.
- To explore their orchestration of innate immune signaling pathways for temporal control.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on ECM-derived DAMPs.
- Analysis of molecular interactions between ECM components and PRRs.
- Synthesis of findings on inflammatory mediator production and leukocyte recruitment.
Main Results:
- ECM-derived DAMPs trigger sterile inflammation via PRR activation.
- They also orchestrate the production of anti-inflammatory mediators.
- This dual function contributes to the temporal control of innate immunity.
Conclusions:
- ECM-derived DAMPs play a critical role in regulating the inflammatory response.
- They are involved in both the initiation and resolution phases of inflammation.
- Understanding this interplay is key to controlling innate immunity and tissue repair.
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