[Cell-mediated immunity: Lupus and connective tissue diseases]

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Pathology

Background:

• Lupus erythematosus presents with varied clinical and histopathological manifestations.
• Cutaneous lesions in lupus exhibit significant variability in appearance and microscopic features.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the diverse cutaneous manifestations of lupus.
• To highlight the importance of integrating multiple diagnostic modalities for lupus.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical and histopathological findings in lupus.
• Analysis of specific and non-specific cutaneous signs.
• Discussion of diagnostic challenges in lupus erythematosus.

Main Results:

• Lupus skin lesions can affect the dermo-epidermal, dermal, and hypodermal layers.
• Manifestations range from specific lupus signs to non-specific associated findings.
• Histopathological evaluation is crucial for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Accurate lupus diagnosis necessitates a comprehensive approach.
• Combining clinical, biological, and histopathological data is essential for challenging differential diagnoses.