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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

81.7K
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

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Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...
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What are Lipids?01:38

What are Lipids?

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Overview
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Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
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Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases
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Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases

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Chemically Stable Lipids for Membrane Protein Crystallization.

Andrii Ishchenko1, Lingling Peng2, Egor Zinovev3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.

Crystal Growth & Design
|January 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new, stable lipids to improve membrane protein crystallization using lipidic cubic phase (LCP) technology. These novel lipids expand LCP applications for studying membrane proteins at various temperatures.

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Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases
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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Structural Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Lipidic cubic phase (LCP) is a key matrix for membrane protein studies.
  • Limited host lipids (monoacylglycerols) restrict LCP applications.
  • Need for chemically stable, versatile lipids for LCP crystallization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Design and synthesize novel, hydrolysis-resistant lipids.
  • Evaluate these lipids as host lipids for membrane protein crystallization.
  • Expand the utility of LCP for diverse membrane protein research.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical synthesis and characterization of new lipids.
  • Polarized light microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for phase behavior analysis.
  • Crystallization and structure determination of bacteriorhodopsin.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized chemically stable lipids resistant to hydrolysis.
  • Characterized mesophases, confirming extended LCP regions across temperatures.
  • Achieved crystallization and structure determination of bacteriorhodopsin using a novel lipid.

Conclusions:

  • Developed promising new host lipids for LCP applications.
  • These lipids offer enhanced chemical stability and broader applicability.
  • Facilitates membrane protein crystallization and structural studies under diverse conditions.