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Gestational diabetes from A to Z
AbdelHameed Mirghani Dirar1, John Doupis2
1Prince Abdel Aziz Bin Musaad Hospital, Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Arar 91421, North Zone Province, Saudi Arabia.
World Journal of Diabetes
|January 2, 2018
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for mothers and infants. Understanding GDM risk factors, mechanisms, and genetics is key for prevention and management.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Obstetrics
- Public Health
Background:
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is hyperglycemia first recognized during pregnancy.
- GDM diagnosis includes early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and true GDM.
- GDM significantly contributes to the diabetes epidemic, posing long-term T2DM risks for mothers and offspring.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically review gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
- To provide a comprehensive scientific analysis and updated insights into GDM.
- To explore risk factors, pathophysiology, genetics, screening, and management of GDM.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical trials and scientific data.
- Critical analysis of existing research on GDM.
- Synthesis of information on GDM risk factors, mechanisms, and management strategies.
Main Results:
- GDM is linked to cardiometabolic risks like lipid abnormalities and hypertension.
- These risks may lead to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome later in life.
- Preventive strategies like lifestyle modification and medications (pioglitazone, metformin) show promise for T2DM prevention post-GDM.
Conclusions:
- Further understanding of GDM's multifaceted aspects is crucial.
- Effective identification of at-risk women, preventive measures, and adequate management are essential.
- Ongoing research and clinical trials are vital to address controversies in GDM screening and management.
Keywords:
Diabetes in pregnancyDiagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitusGenetics of gestational diabetes mellitusGestational diabetes mellitusGestational diabetes mellitus-related comorbiditiesLipids abnormalities in gestational diabetes mellitusManagement of gestational diabetes mellitusMedical nutrition therapyPathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitusRisk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus
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