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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.0K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.0K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.4K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
20.4K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

18.9K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
18.9K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.3K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.3K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.3K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.3K

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Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Uncovering a reconstructive solid-solid phase transition in a metal-organic framework.

L Longley1, N Li1,2, F Wei1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.

Royal Society Open Science
|January 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A metal-organic framework (MOF) transforms into a new high-temperature phase without mass loss. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed this transition, highlighting DSC

Keywords:
X-raymetal–organic frameworkphase transitionporous material

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are advanced porous materials with diverse applications.
  • Characterization of MOFs often involves thermal analysis, but differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is underutilized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermal behavior of the nanoporous MOF, ZnPurBr.
  • To characterize a previously unreported high-temperature phase of ZnPurBr and its properties.

Main Methods:

  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to detect phase transitions.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to solve the crystal structure of the new phase.
  • Nanoindentation and density functional theory (DFT) to study mechanical properties.

Main Results:

  • ZnPurBr undergoes a phase transition to a new high-temperature phase (ZnPurBr-ht) without mass loss.
  • The crystal structure of ZnPurBr-ht was determined.
  • Anisotropy in calculated Young's moduli correlated with the organic linker's alignment, validated by nanoindentation.

Conclusions:

  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is crucial for uncovering phase transitions in MOFs.
  • The study demonstrates the importance of comprehensive characterization, including thermal and mechanical analysis, for MOFs.
  • This work provides a model for utilizing DSC in MOF research.