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Induced seismicity provides insight into why earthquake ruptures stop
Martin Galis1, Jean Paul Ampuero2, P Martin Mai1
1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Science Advances
|January 2, 2018
Summary
Injection-induced earthquakes can be understood by new models incorporating rupture physics. Most events are self-arrested, not runaway ruptures, aligning with a new scaling relation for earthquake magnitude and injected volume.
Area of Science:
- Geophysics
- Seismology
- Earthquake physics
Background:
- Injection-induced earthquakes present a significant seismic hazard.
- Existing models lack rupture physics, limiting accurate magnitude predictions.
- Understanding earthquake physics is crucial for hazard assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- Develop theoretical estimates for rupture size from pore-pressure perturbations.
- Create a new scaling relation for earthquake magnitude based on injection parameters.
- Distinguish between self-arrested and runaway ruptures.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical modeling of rupture propagation on prestressed faults.
- Simulations to validate theoretical estimates.
- Analysis of rupture growth beyond the perturbed area.
Main Results:
- A model accounting for rupture growth and arrest mechanisms was developed.
- A theoretical scaling relation between self-arrested earthquake magnitude and injected volume was derived.
- The derived relation aligns with observed earthquake magnitudes across various injection volumes.
Conclusions:
- The new model provides insights into injection-induced earthquake physics.
- Most observed injection-induced earthquakes are likely self-arrested ruptures.
- The findings offer improved hazard assessment for fluid injection operations.
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