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Related Concept Videos

Virtual Work01:20

Virtual Work

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The principle of virtual work states that if a body is in static and dynamic equilibrium, then the sum of all the virtual work done by all external forces and couple moments for any given virtual displacement must be zero.
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Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving01:13

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The principle of virtual work is an essential concept in the field of mechanics and engineering. This is used to solve problems related to the equilibrium of a structure or system. It is based on the assumption that if a system is in equilibrium, the work done by all the forces during a virtual displacement is zero. This principle is applied by considering virtual displacements of the system and the corresponding work done by internal and external forces.
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Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies01:06

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

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Virtual work is a powerful method used to solve problems involving several connected rigid bodies. When the system is in equilibrium, virtual work is zero. This allows the calculation of the resulting forces when a system undergoes a virtual displacement. When attempting to analyze such a system, first, use a free-body diagram, where an independent coordinate represents the configuration of the links, and mark its deflected position resulting from the positive virtual displacement.
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

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Electroencephalographic changes using virtual reality program: technical note.

Síria Monyelle Silva de Oliveira1, Candice Simões Pimenta de Medeiros1, Thaiana Barbosa Ferreira Pacheco1

  • 1a Laboratory of Virtual Reality and Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Therapy , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil.

Neurological Research
|January 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study used electroencephalography (EEG) with Emotiv EPOC® to analyze brain activity during a virtual reality motor task. Results show distinct hemispheric patterns, with the right hemisphere exhibiting higher activation potential.

Keywords:
ElectroencephalographyPhysiotherapycerebral cortexexposure therapy to virtual realitymovement

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive experiences for motor tasks.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) measures brain activity, but its use in VR motor tasks needs further technical description.
  • Understanding hemispheric brain activation during VR interaction is crucial for optimizing user experience and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the technique of EEG assessment using Emotiv EPOC® during a VR motor task.
  • To compare theta, alpha, beta, and gamma power frequencies between the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
  • To investigate inter-hemispheric differences in cortical activation patterns during VR engagement.

Main Methods:

  • Nine healthy young subjects performed a virtual reality motor task using Nintendo® Wii and Wii Balance Board.
  • EEG data were collected using the Emotiv EPOC® headset.
  • Statistical analysis, including the Wilcoxon test, was applied to compare hemispheric power frequencies.

Main Results:

  • Right-handed participants showed significant differences in EEG power frequencies between hemispheres, particularly in frontal and parietal regions.
  • Alpha power was notably higher in the left hemisphere, while gamma, theta, and beta power showed greater activity in the right hemisphere.
  • Inter-hemispheric analysis revealed higher activation potential in the right hemisphere's frontal lobe (gamma waves) and temporal lobe (beta and alpha waves).

Conclusions:

  • Virtual reality environments can induce distinct cortical activation patterns.
  • The study highlights a greater activation potential in the right hemisphere during the VR motor task.
  • The Emotiv EPOC® system is demonstrated as a viable tool for assessing brain activity in VR settings.