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Pathogenicity differences between QX-like and Mass-type infectious bronchitis viruses.

Jinlong Cheng1, Caiyun Huo1, Jing Zhao1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.

Veterinary Microbiology
|January 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

QX-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains show greater virulence and cause more severe kidney damage in chickens compared to Mass-type strains. This research highlights significant differences in pathogenicity and tissue tropism, aiding poultry disease prevention.

Keywords:
Infectious bronchitis virusPathogenicitySerotypeTissue tropism

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Poultry Pathology
  • Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a contagious respiratory disease in chickens.
  • Recent global increases in QX-like IBV isolates necessitate understanding their pathogenicity.
  • Differences between QX-like and Mass-type IBV strains require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the pathogenicity of a QX-like IBV strain (SD) against a Mass-type IBV strain (M41).
  • To investigate the tissue distribution and viral load of these IBV strains in chickens.

Main Methods:

  • Pathogenicity assessment in specific-pathogen-free chickens.
  • Mortality and gross lesion scoring, focusing on renal lesions.
  • Real-time RT-PCR for viral genome copy number determination in various tissues.

Main Results:

  • The SD (QX-like) strain exhibited higher virulence than the M41 (Mass-type) strain, leading to increased mortality.
  • Severe renal lesions were observed in chickens infected with the SD strain.
  • Higher viral genome copy numbers were detected in most tissues from SD-infected chickens, except trachea and lung.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in pathogenicity and tissue tropism exist between QX-like and Mass-type IBV strains.
  • The QX-like strain demonstrates a broader tissue distribution and higher virulence.
  • Findings support improved strategies for infectious bronchitis prevention in the poultry industry.