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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
321
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
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In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation01:10

In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation

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In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

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In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
648
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

260
Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
260
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
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Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus
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In vitro methods for testing antiviral drugs.

Michaela Rumlová1, Tomáš Ruml2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.

Biotechnology Advances
|January 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

New antiviral drug discovery is crucial due to persistent viral threats and drug resistance. This review covers biochemical and cell-based assays for evaluating antiviral compound efficacy against key viruses.

Keywords:
AssayAssemblyCell-basedEntryHigh-throughput screeningIn vitroInhibitorMethodReplicationVirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Despite advancements, viral infections remain a significant global health challenge.
  • Emerging, re-emerging, and drug-resistant viruses necessitate continuous development of novel antiviral therapies.
  • Rational antiviral design is facilitated by understanding viral molecular organization and leveraging molecular biology and computational advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of assays for evaluating antiviral drug candidates.
  • To highlight methods for assessing the efficacy of inhibitors targeting clinically important viruses.
  • To guide the initial assessment of new antiviral compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical assays for direct target inhibition assessment.
  • Overview of cell-based assays for evaluating antiviral activity in a cellular context.
  • Discussion of methods applicable to inhibitors of clinically significant viruses.

Main Results:

  • Biochemical and cell-based assays are essential for initial antiviral efficacy screening.
  • These assays provide a foundation for establishing the activity of novel antiviral agents.
  • The described methods are applicable to a range of clinically relevant viral targets.

Conclusions:

  • Effective evaluation of antiviral drug candidates relies on robust biochemical and cell-based assays.
  • Standardized assay methodologies are critical for advancing antiviral drug discovery pipelines.
  • This review offers a guide to key assays for assessing antiviral activity against important human viruses.