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The problem with percentages.

Jennifer A Jacobs Danan1, Rochel Gelman2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|January 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many university students struggle with successive percentage changes due to intuitive arithmetic rules hindering rational number understanding. This impacts learning fractions and decimals.

Keywords:
approximate number systemarithmeticbidirectional mappingfinancial illiteracynumeronsrational numbers

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Mathematics education

Background:

  • Students often exhibit conceptual errors when dealing with sequential percentage changes.
  • These difficulties mirror challenges observed in elementary students learning fractions and decimals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate common conceptual mistakes in understanding successive percentage changes among university students.
  • To explore the relationship between intuitive natural number arithmetic and difficulties with rational numbers.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of student responses to questions involving two successive percentage changes.
  • Comparison of error patterns with existing research on elementary mathematics learning.

Main Results:

  • A significant number of university students make basic conceptual errors in problems involving successive percentage changes.
  • The observed mistakes align with patterns seen in younger students struggling with fractions and decimals.
  • Intuitive understanding of natural number arithmetic acts as a barrier to grasping rational number operations.

Conclusions:

  • Intuitive arithmetic principles, while beneficial for natural numbers, impede the understanding of rational numbers.
  • Educational strategies may need to address the interference of natural number intuition when teaching rational number concepts like percentage changes.