Cutaneous Hypersensitivity-Like Reactions Associated With Breast Implants: A Review

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Plastic Surgery
• Allergy Immunology

Background:

• Breast augmentation and reconstruction are common procedures.
• Cutaneous reactions to breast implants are infrequent and usually occur post-surgery.
• Hypersensitivity-like skin reactions are not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the literature on cutaneous hypersensitivity-like reactions associated with breast implants.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed.
• Included studies focused on human cases of breast implants and hypersensitivity-like skin reactions.

Main Results:

• Ten studies were included, identifying silicone, polyurethane, and acellular dermal matrix as potential allergens.
• Histopathology often showed perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate.
• Patch testing and silicone cube implantation were used for sensitivity assessment.
• Treatments included corticosteroids and antibiotics, but implant removal was frequently necessary.

Conclusions:

• Cutaneous hypersensitivity-like reactions to breast implants are rare and may necessitate implant removal.
• Further research is needed to determine incidence, etiology, and the utility of diagnostic tests like patch testing.