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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Materials Science
    • Electrical Engineering

    Background:

    • Dopamine signaling is crucial for various brain functions.
    • Accurate and real-time measurement of dopamine is essential for neuroscience research.
    • Existing methods for dopamine detection face limitations in speed, sensitivity, or invasiveness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a hybrid CMOS-graphene sensor array for subsecond dopamine measurement.
    • To develop a novel region of interest technique for enhanced sensitivity and reduced dynamic range requirements.
    • To demonstrate a low-cost, high-performance platform for next-generation dopamine detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a hybrid sensor array with four independent CMOS readout channels.
    • Integration of planar multilayer graphene as a biologically compatible sensing material.
    • Implementation of a region of interest technique using programmable low-noise constant current for background subtraction.
    • Utilizing an integrating dual-slope analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for data acquisition.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved subsecond measurement of dopamine via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV).
    • Demonstrated enhanced sensitivity and reduced dynamic range requirements for the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
    • Established a theoretical dopamine detection limit of approximately 6 nM with an effective ADC resolution of 60 pA.
    • Validated the sensor's performance in vitro at three different scan rates.

    Conclusions:

    • The hybrid CMOS-graphene sensor platform enables precise and rapid dopamine detection.
    • The developed region of interest technique significantly improves measurement accuracy and efficiency.
    • This technology offers a promising solution for advanced in vivo dopamine recording and large-scale neural monitoring.