Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sign Convention01:30

Sign Convention

3.6K
When analyzing a beam subjected to various loads, it is crucial to understand the internal forces and moments generated within the structure. These internal forces can be broadly classified into normal forces, shear forces, and bending moments. To determine these forces and moments, we use the method of sections and apply a specific sign convention based on their direction and the side of the section being analyzed.
The normal force acts perpendicular to the beam's cross-section and can...
3.6K
Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

1.6K
Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
1.6K
Introduction to the Sign Test01:10

Introduction to the Sign Test

1.4K
The sign test is an important tool in nonparametric statistics, offering a straightforward yet effective method for analyzing matched pairs, nominal data, or hypotheses concerning the median of a population. It transforms data points into positive or negative signs, avoiding the need for assumptions about data distribution and instead focusing on the direction of change. It is particularly valuable when data does not conform to the normal distribution requirements of many parametric tests. For...
1.4K
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

11.1K
In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
11.1K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

13.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.8K
Introduction to Vital Signs01:25

Introduction to Vital Signs

8.8K
Vital signs are physiological measurements that help key into the status of the body's essential functions. These include body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure, commonly abbreviated as T, P, R, and BP. Some healthcare settings also consider oxygen saturation (SpO2) and, in specific contexts, pain and level of consciousness as additional vital signs.
Vital signs help healthcare professionals assess an individual's well-being and detect any functional changes...
8.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Pip-and-Pop Effect in Depth: How Multisensory Stimuli Influence Depth Perception.

Multisensory research·2026
Same author

Adaptive variability in humans, pigeons, and rats.

Psychological review·2026
Same author

Cognitive flexibility versus stability via activation-based and weight-based adaptations.

Communications psychology·2026
Same author

Audiovisual decision making and sensory evidence weighting is not affected by impulsivity or impulsivity related behaviours in young adults.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Medial Frontal Theta Reduction Impairs Rule Switching via Prediction Error.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Different exploration strategies along the autism spectrum: diverging effects of autism diagnosis and autism traits.

Molecular autism·2025
Same journal

Invaders taking over-Mollusc faunal change in volcanic barrier lakes of the Albertine Rift biodiversity hotspot.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

AI-driven molecular diversification and ligand-based optimization of macitentan derivatives targeting VEGFR1 and endothelin signaling pathways.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Performance patterns and records in the world aquatics masters championships: Where do the most frequently represented nations among the top-ten masters swimmers come from?

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Modeling diurnal Temperature-Rainfall relationships under multicollinearity using PLS-SEM: A case study of Ghana.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Organizational culture, social capital, and emergency capacity in primary healthcare institutions: A cross-sectional structural equation modeling study comparing ordinary and older communities.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Impact of kidney function on the metabolome in the general population.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.3K

Signed reward prediction errors drive declarative learning.

Esther De Loof1, Kate Ergo1, Lien Naert1

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium.

Plos One
|January 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reward prediction errors (RPEs) drive learning. Signed RPEs improved declarative memory for word pairs, showing RPEs enhance human learning beyond procedural tasks.

More Related Videos

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication
14:03

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication

Published on: April 20, 2009

25.9K
Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors
07:25

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Published on: March 27, 2019

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.3K
Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication
14:03

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication

Published on: April 20, 2009

25.9K
Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors
07:25

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Published on: March 27, 2019

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Learning Science

Background:

  • Reward prediction errors (RPEs) are established learning drivers in procedural tasks.
  • Empirical evidence for RPEs in declarative learning, crucial for human cognition, is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if RPEs influence declarative learning.
  • To examine the role of signed RPEs (SRPEs) in acquiring new information.

Main Methods:

  • A declarative learning paradigm using Dutch-Swahili word pairs was employed.
  • Signed RPEs were coupled with word pair acquisition.
  • Recognition memory was tested subsequently.

Main Results:

  • SRPEs during learning significantly enhanced subsequent recognition.
  • A positive correlation was observed between increasing SRPEs and improved recognition.
  • Traditional factors like time-on-task did not predict recognition performance.

Conclusions:

  • RPEs play a critical role in declarative learning, a key aspect of human cognition.
  • SRPEs act as a beneficial signal for memory consolidation.
  • The findings were replicated using visual stimuli, strengthening the generalizability of RPEs' effect on declarative memory.