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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Probing instructions for expression regulation in gene nucleotide compositions.

Chloé Bessière1,2, May Taha1,2,3, Florent Petitprez1,2

  • 1IBC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.

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|January 3, 2018
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Summary

This study reveals that nucleotide composition, particularly within introns, critically influences gene expression. Our novel method deciphers sequence-level instructions, highlighting the gene body

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Gene expression regulation is complex, involving distinct genomic regions to achieve cellular diversity.
  • Current methods modeling gene expression often rely on epigenetic marks and experimental data, limiting scope and applicability in precision medicine.
  • Existing models struggle to infer transcription factor combinations and capture sequence-level regulatory information predating chromatin accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for explaining messenger RNA (mRNA) levels using solely nucleotide sequence features.
  • To investigate the role of sequence-level instructions in gene expression regulation.
  • To identify and rank regulatory regions based on their contribution to gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel computational method to analyze gene expression based exclusively on nucleotide composition.
  • Probed sequence-level regulatory instructions independent of epigenetic marks or transcription factor binding.
  • Ranked regulatory regions by their contribution to gene expression levels.

Main Results:

  • Nucleotide composition is identified as a critical determinant of gene expression.
  • The gene body sequence, especially introns, significantly influences mRNA levels.
  • The contribution of nucleotide content is linked to co-regulations influenced by genome 3D architecture and topologically associated domains.

Conclusions:

  • Sequence-level nucleotide composition provides crucial instructions for gene expression.
  • The gene body, including introns, plays a vital regulatory role.
  • Nucleotide-driven regulation is interconnected with higher-order genome organization.