Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

37.9K
Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
37.9K
Radical Formation: Abstraction00:47

Radical Formation: Abstraction

4.4K
The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
4.4K
Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule02:36

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

82.7K
Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.
82.7K
The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule03:02

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

74.7K
To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...
74.7K
Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

4.0K
Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
4.0K
Midpoint Rule01:20

Midpoint Rule

74
Approximating areas under curved boundaries is a common problem in applied mathematics, particularly when an exact calculation is difficult or impractical. One effective numerical method for this purpose is the Midpoint Rule, which provides an estimate of the area under a curve by using rectangular approximations over a specified interval.Description of the Midpoint RuleThe Midpoint Rule begins by dividing the given interval into a number of equal subintervals. For each subinterval, the...
74

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Catching up with iCatcher: Comparing analyses of infant eye tracking based on trained human coders and iCatcher+ automated gaze coding software.

Behavior research methods·2025
Same author

Six-month-old infants use cross-modal synchrony to identify novel communicative signals.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

The link between non-human primate vocalizations and cognition is not constrained by maturation alone: Evidence from healthy preterm infants.

Cognition·2024
Same author

Developmental origin of a language-cognition interface in infants: Gateway to advancing core knowledge?

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2024
Same author

Navigating accent variability: 24-month-olds recognize known words spoken in an unfamiliar accent but require additional support to learn new words.

Infant behavior & development·2024
Same author

Preschoolers benefit from sentential context in familiar- and unfamiliar-accented speech.

Developmental science·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
11:18

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task

Published on: June 1, 2015

11.2K

Very young infants learn abstract rules in the visual modality.

Brock Ferguson1, Steven L Franconeri1, Sandra R Waxman1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America.

Plos One
|January 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants can learn abstract rules from visual patterns, challenging previous assumptions. This study shows early visual rule abstraction in infants, suggesting spatial structure is key for visual learning.

More Related Videos

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

9.1K
Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System
05:10

Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

Published on: March 17, 2023

3.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
11:18

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task

Published on: June 1, 2015

11.2K
Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

9.1K
Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System
05:10

Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

Published on: March 17, 2023

3.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Perceptual Learning
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Abstract rule learning is crucial for cognition.
  • Infants learn auditory rules but struggle with visual ones.
  • This suggests modality-specific processing differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if visual sequences structured spatially aid infant rule learning.
  • To test the hypothesis that visual system's spatial processing is key for abstract rule learning.
  • To provide evidence for developmental continuity in visual rule abstraction.

Main Methods:

  • Adults performed abstract rule learning tasks with spatially structured visual sequences.
  • 3-month-old infants were tested on similar visual rule learning tasks.
  • Behavioral responses were analyzed to assess rule abstraction.

Main Results:

  • Adults successfully abstracted rules from spatially structured visual sequences.
  • Infants as young as 3 months also demonstrated abstract rule learning in the visual modality.
  • This learning was contingent on spatial structuring of visual sequences.

Conclusions:

  • The visual system can abstract rules from spatially structured sequences.
  • Early visual rule learning in infants is possible when sequences are spatially organized.
  • Findings challenge previous notions of modality limitations in early cognitive development.