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Two split-time artificial insemination programs in suckled beef cows.

J S Stevenson, S L Hill, D M Grieger

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    The 65+85 hour timed artificial insemination (AI) program resulted in higher pregnancy rates in beef cows compared to the 55+75 hour program. This study evaluated two split-time AI protocols for suckled beef cows to optimize conception.

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive biology
    • Veterinary science
    • Animal science

    Background:

    • Optimizing artificial insemination (AI) protocols is crucial for efficient beef cattle reproduction.
    • Split-time AI programs aim to synchronize estrus and insemination, but optimal timing requires investigation.
    • Previous research has explored various hormonal and timed insemination strategies in beef cows.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the pregnancy risk between two split-time AI programs (55+75 h vs. 65+85 h) in suckled beef cows.
    • To evaluate the effect of treatment timing on estrus expression and subsequent conception rates.

    Main Methods:

    • A completely randomized experiment involving 1,062 suckled beef cows across 12 locations in four states.
    • Cows received a progesterone insert (CIDR) with GnRH on day -7 and PGF2α with insert removal on day 0.
    • Cows were assigned to insemination at 55 or 65 hours, with non-estrous cows receiving GnRH and inseminated later (75 or 85 hours).

    Main Results:

    • Estrus expression was significantly higher by 65 hours (62.0%) compared to 55 hours (41.9%) after PGF2α (P = 0.001).
    • Cows inseminated upon detection of estrus (55/65 h) had higher pregnancy risks (62.3%) than those inseminated later (75/85 h; 49.7%).
    • The 65+85-h treatment combination resulted in a greater overall pregnancy risk (61.0%) at 36 days compared to the 55+75-h combination (51.4%).

    Conclusions:

    • The 65+85-hour split-time AI program demonstrated superior pregnancy outcomes in suckled beef cows compared to the 55+75-hour program.
    • While more effective, the 65+85-h protocol may present minor logistical challenges in cow handling times.
    • Estrus detection and timely insemination remain critical factors influencing conception rates in AI programs.