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Measurement Matters: Offense Types and Specialization.

Tamara Humphrey1, Erin Gibbs Van Brunschot1

  • 1University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|January 4, 2018
PubMed
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Offender specialization, the tendency to repeat specific crimes, is debated in criminology. This study found greater evidence of offending versatility than specialization among violent offenders, suggesting alternative risk assessment models are needed.

Keywords:
measurementsexual offendersspecializationversatilityviolent offenders

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Criminal Justice
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Offender specialization posits a tendency to repeat specific offenses, influencing criminal justice management.
  • Dominant criminological theories suggest offending versatility is more common than specialization.
  • The study examines the incongruity between these perspectives in practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine Canadian criminal justice system designations of offender specialization.
  • To determine if these designations accurately reflect the offending behavior of violent criminals.
  • To compare different measures of specialization to assess consistency in findings.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of official criminal record data (110 offenders convicted of violent interpersonal offenses).
  • Examination of offender designations used by the Canadian criminal justice system.
  • Application of three specialization measures: specialization threshold, mean percent specialization, and diversity index.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of offender specialization is dependent on the measurement method used.
  • Some support exists for treating child sexual offenders as a distinct group from other violent offenders.
  • Greater evidence of offending versatility was found across all offender groups compared to specialization.

Conclusions:

  • Offending patterns are more indicative of versatility than specialization.
  • Risk assessment models for future offending may be more effective if they do not solely rely on offense specialization.
  • Criminal justice management strategies may need reevaluation based on versatility findings.