[Micro-inflammation and digestive bacterial translocation in chronic kidney disease]

Micro-inflammation has been recognized as a major factor associated with the poor prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease. Those patients have an increased rate of pro-inflammatory markers like interleukin 6, C-Reactive protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor α and fibrinogen. Among multiple and complex causes of micro-inflammation the gut microbiota could be an important actor considering the dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease which would enhance the synthesis of uremic toxins with cardiovascular toxicity and the bacterial translocation. This review details the role of the gut microbiota in human pathology and in chronic kidney disease focusing on the bacterial translocation that could occur because of an impaired digestive permeability. This bacterial translocation could induce a chronic immune response and could take part in the raise of pro-inflammatory markers in chronic kidney disease. New therapeutic strategies aiming at preventing metabolic and cardiovascular complications could emerge from the understanding of the relationships between gut microbiota and host in this particular pathology.