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Related Concept Videos

Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

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The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
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Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
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Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
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High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum
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Antibody Screening Using High-Throughput Flow Cytometry.

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    Flow cytometry is a key technique for antibody development, enabling rapid analysis of cells and particles. Advances allow for earlier integration into antibody discovery workflows.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biotechnology
    • Immunology
    • Analytical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Antibody therapeutics target cell-surface or circulating molecular targets.
    • Flow cytometry is a high-content analysis technique for suspended cells, beads, and particles.
    • Its speed and multiplexing capabilities are crucial for antibody development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the utility of flow cytometry in antibody development.
    • To discuss advancements enabling earlier application in the discovery process.

    Main Methods:

    • Cell- or bead-based assays utilizing flow cytometry.
    • High-throughput flow cytometry and plate-based sampling.

    Main Results:

    • Flow cytometry enables rapid analysis of thousands of cells per second.
    • Multiplexing capabilities enhance its utility in antibody development.
    • Advancements facilitate earlier use in antibody discovery.

    Conclusions:

    • Flow cytometry is indispensable for antibody development laboratories.
    • Technological advancements are expanding the role of flow cytometry in early-stage antibody discovery.