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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

The Role of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence in Complex Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Navigation
Published on: January 31, 2025
Cholecystectomy: a way forward and back to metabolic syndrome?
Gabriella Garruti1, David Q-H Wang2, Agostino Di Ciaula3
1Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' Medical School, Bari, Italy.
Abstract:
The gallbladder provides rhythmic secretion of concentrated bile acids (BAs) during fasting and postprandially contributes to digestion of dietary lipids. In addition, BAs activate metabolic pathways governing gluco-lipid homeostasis and energy expenditure via the farnesoid X nuclear receptor (FXR), G protein-coupled BA receptor 1 (GPBAR-1), and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) in the liver, intestine, brown fat, and muscle. Cholecystectomy is standard treatment worldwide for symptomatic gallstone patients. As excellently reviewed by Chen et al, cholecystectomy may disrupt enterohepatic recycling of, and signaling by, BAs. Further studies are needed to investigate whether gallbladder removal is an independent risk factor for development of the metabolic syndrome.
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