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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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First-line vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy in renal cell carcinoma: priming the tumor

Nizar Tannir1, Hans Hammers2, Asim Amin3

  • 1a Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.

Current Medical Research and Opinion
|January 4, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may enhance immunotherapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This review explores using VEGFR-TKIs to prime the tumor microenvironment for improved checkpoint inhibitor efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Renal Cell Carcinoma Research

Background:

  • Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients often develop resistance to VEGF-targeted therapies.
  • Checkpoint inhibitors offer new treatment avenues for RCC, but optimal sequencing with other agents is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of first-line VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in modifying the tumor microenvironment.
  • To explore how VEGFR-TKIs might enhance the efficacy of subsequent immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in advanced RCC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating VEGFR-TKIs and checkpoint inhibitors in advanced RCC.
  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical evidence on the interaction between VEGFR-TKIs and the tumor immune microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) show potential to reverse immunosuppressive effects within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Preliminary data suggest VEGFR-TKIs can enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy when used in combination or sequence with checkpoint inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • First-line VEGFR-TKIs may prime the tumor microenvironment, potentially improving outcomes for advanced RCC patients treated with immunotherapy.
  • Further research is needed to determine optimal treatment sequences and combinations of VEGFR-TKIs and checkpoint inhibitors for advanced RCC.
Keywords:
Carcinomaimmunotherapypazopanibrenal cellrenal cell carcinomatyrosine kinase inhibitorvascular endothelial growth factor

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