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Comparison of olfactory function between neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis.

Li-Min Li1, Hui-Yue Guo1, Ning Zhao2

  • 1a Department of Neurology , Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.

The International Journal of Neuroscience
|January 4, 2018
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Summary

Olfactory dysfunction is common in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, NMO patients show smaller olfactory bulbs and distinct gray matter atrophy compared to MS patients.

Keywords:
Neuromyelitis opticagray mattermultiple sclerosisolfactionolfactory bulbvoxel-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction (ODF) is a known symptom in both neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Previous studies have indicated ODF in NMO and MS, but a direct comparison of olfactory function and associated neuroanatomy is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare olfactory function and olfactory-related gray matter (GM) changes between patients with NMO and MS.
  • To elucidate the specific neuroanatomical differences underlying ODF in these two distinct neurological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 37 NMO patients and 37 MS patients were evaluated.
  • Olfactory function was assessed using the Japanese T&T olfactometer.
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was employed to analyze olfactory-related GM volume.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory deficits were prevalent, affecting 51.4% of NMO patients and 40.5% of MS patients.
  • NMO patients with ODF exhibited significantly smaller olfactory bulbs compared to MS patients with ODF (p=0.031).
  • Distinct patterns of GM atrophy were observed: NMO patients showed changes in the orbitofrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus, while MS patients had atrophy in the parahippocampal gyrus and piriform cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a frequent clinical manifestation in both NMO and MS.
  • The underlying neuroanatomical substrates for olfactory deficits significantly differ between NMO and MS, highlighting distinct disease pathologies.