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Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Technical Note: The impact of deformable image registration methods on dose warping.

An Qin1, Jian Liang1, Xiao Han2

  • 1Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI, USA.

Medical Physics
|January 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Biomechanical model-based deformable image registration (BM-DIR) offers more accurate dose warping for intensity-homogeneous organs undergoing significant deformation during treatment compared to image-based DIR (IM-DIR). This improves the evaluation of dose warping uncertainty in radiation therapy.

Keywords:
adaptive radiotherapybiomechanical modeldeformable image registrationdose warping uncertainty

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy
  • Image-guided therapy

Background:

  • Deformable image registration (DIR) is crucial for accurate dose warping in radiotherapy.
  • Discrepancies exist between image-based DIR (IM-DIR) and biomechanical model-based DIR (BM-DIR), particularly for organs with homogeneous intensity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical-relevant discrepancies in dose warping between IM-DIR and BM-DIR for intensity-homogeneous organs.
  • To evaluate the impact of DIR method on dose warping uncertainty.

Main Methods:

  • Ten patients (Head & Neck, Prostate) underwent IM-DIR using a research tool.
  • BM-DIR was performed by interpolating IM-DIR deformable vector fields to mesh boundary conditions and simulating displacement with a FEM solver.
  • Geometrical (Target Registration Discrepancy) and dose warping discrepancies were quantified.

Main Results:

  • Parotid glands showed significant shrinkage (75.7% ± 9% volume), with 6.5% ± 4.7% volume having TRD > 1.5 mm.
  • Normalized Mean Dose Difference (NMDD) between IM-DIR and BM-DIR was -0.8% ± 1.5% for parotids, with a 99.0% ± 1.4% 2mm/2% gamma passing rate.
  • Bladder showed a significant NMDD of -9.9% ± 9.7% (BM-DIR dose higher), while rectum showed minor deviation (0.5% ± 1.1%).

Conclusions:

  • The impact of DIR method on dose warping is patient and organ-specific.
  • Intensity-homogeneous organs with significant deformation experience greater dose warping uncertainty.
  • BM-DIR can be beneficial for evaluating DIR and dose-warping uncertainty in such cases.