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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

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Red Flags in Torticollis: A Historical Cohort Study

Meta Starc, Stefania Norbedo1, Martina Tubaro

  • 1Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.

Pediatric Emergency Care
|January 4, 2018
PubMed

Insights

In children with torticollis, fever, sore throat, headache, and age are key indicators of severe illness. Identifying these red flags can help determine the need for hospitalization.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Torticollis is a common condition in children presenting to emergency departments.
  • Identifying the underlying cause and predicting severity is crucial for appropriate management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the range of pathologies causing torticollis in pediatric emergency department patients.
  • To identify clinical red flags associated with severe outcomes and hospitalization.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 392 children evaluated for torticollis between 2008 and 2013.
  • Analysis of medical records to identify pathologies and associated symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Postural torticollis was the most common diagnosis (61%).
  • Infection-related (19.4%) and traumatic (16.3%) causes were also significant.
  • Fever, sore throat, headache, and age were independent predictors of hospitalization.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of 2 or 3 of the identified red flags (fever, sore throat, headache, age) significantly increased the risk of severe illness.
  • These clinical features are vital for risk stratification in pediatric torticollis cases.
Abstract

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