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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Overview of Pulmonary Circulation01:19

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation

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The pulmonary circulation is a vital system in our body that acts as a bridge between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It serves as a transport network for deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and then returns oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
The process begins with the right ventricle of the heart pumping deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk. This large vessel extends about 5 centimeters before splitting into the left and right pulmonary arteries. These arteries...
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Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
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Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

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Embolisation for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.

Charlie C-T Hsu1, Gigi Nc Kwan, Hannah Evans-Barns

  • 1Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 4th Floor, 263 McCaul Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1W7.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|January 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embolisation for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) lacks evidence from randomized controlled trials. Observational data suggest embolisation is safe and reduces PAVM-related morbidity and mortality.

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A Novel Murine Model of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure: The Surgical Procedure in Detail
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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal vascular connections causing right-to-left shunts.
  • PAVMs lead to significant morbidity and mortality due to paradoxical emboli, stroke, and hemorrhage.
  • Embolisation is an endovascular procedure to occlude feeding arteries of PAVMs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of embolisation for PAVMs.
  • To compare embolisation with surgical resection and different embolisation devices.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Searched multiple clinical trial registries and databases up to August 2017.
  • Included trials comparing embolisation to no treatment, surgery, or different devices.

Main Results:

  • No RCTs were identified for inclusion in the review.
  • One ongoing trial was identified for potential future inclusion.
  • No direct evidence from RCTs on embolisation for PAVMs was found.

Conclusions:

  • Randomized controlled trials are lacking for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation embolisation.
  • Observational data indicate embolisation is a safe procedure reducing PAVM morbidity and mortality.
  • Standardized reporting and registry studies are recommended to strengthen evidence in the absence of RCTs.