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Single nucleotide polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility.

Na Deng1,2, Heng Zhou1, Hua Fan2

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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cancer-associated genes influence gene expression and cancer susceptibility through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. This review explores these mechanisms, diagnostic potential, and future research directions for SNPs in cancer.

Keywords:
cancerepigeneticgeneticsingle nucleotide polymorphismsusceptibility

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cancer Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are common genetic variations found in numerous cancer-associated genes.
  • These SNPs can be located in various gene regions, including promoters, exons, introns, and untranslated regions (UTRs).
  • The impact of SNPs on gene expression and cancer susceptibility is complex, involving both genetic and epigenetic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms by which SNPs influence cancer susceptibility.
  • To explore the diagnostic potential of SNPs in various cancer types.
  • To identify key areas for future research concerning SNPs and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Analysis of genetic mechanisms of SNP action.
  • Evaluation of epigenetic alterations associated with gene polymorphisms.
  • Assessment of the diagnostic utility of cancer-related SNPs.

Main Results:

  • SNPs affect gene expression through diverse mechanisms depending on their location within genetic elements.
  • Epigenetic modifications associated with gene polymorphisms further complicate the relationship between SNPs and cancer susceptibility.
  • Specific SNPs show potential as diagnostic markers for certain cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involving SNPs play a significant role in cancer susceptibility.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of SNPs in oncology.
  • Understanding SNP function is crucial for advancing personalized cancer medicine.