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Phoretic Poecilochirus mites specialize on their burying beetle hosts.

Volker Nehring1, Josef K Müller1, Nadine Steinmetz1

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Specialized mite species show reduced fitness with non-native burying beetle hosts, indicating coevolutionary adaptations. These mites act as parasites or competitors, negatively impacting beetle fitness.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Species interactions drive coevolutionary adaptations, leading to symbiont specialization.
  • Specialization enhances symbiont fitness within established associations but can decrease adaptability to novel partners.
  • The fitness consequences of host-symbiont discrimination in natural populations are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fitness consequences of host-symbiont specificity in a complex of two cryptic mite species and their burying beetle hosts.
  • To determine if mite species exhibit differential fitness when associated with preferred versus non-preferred burying beetle species.
  • To assess the reciprocal fitness effects of these mite-beetle interactions on host populations.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental association of two cryptic *Poecilochirus* mite species with their typical and non-typical sympatric burying beetle hosts (*Nicrophorus* spp.).
  • Quantification of mite reproductive success and fitness metrics across different host associations.
  • Evaluation of the impact of mite presence on burying beetle fitness and offspring care.

Main Results:

  • Mite fitness significantly decreased when reproducing alongside a non-preferred burying beetle host, confirming specialization.
  • Evidence suggests that burying beetle species are better adapted to their typically associated mite species.
  • The overall fitness effect of *Poecilochirus* mites on burying beetles was negative in laboratory experiments.

Conclusions:

  • The studied *Poecilochirus* mites exhibit host specialization, with fitness penalties incurred when interacting with non-native burying beetle species.
  • These specialized mite-beetle interactions represent a form of competition or parasitism, negatively affecting host fitness.
  • Findings highlight the intricate coevolutionary dynamics and fitness trade-offs in specialized symbiotic relationships.