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Segmental differences in the non-neuronal cholinergic system in rat caecum.

Sandra Bader1, Martin Diener2

  • 1Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 100, Giessen, Germany.

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|January 5, 2018
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Summary

Short-chain fatty acid propionate stimulates anion secretion in the rat caecum through non-neuronal acetylcholine. This highlights the crucial role of the non-neuronal cholinergic system in gut microbiome-host communication.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, is also produced by non-neuronal cells, including the colonic epithelium.
  • The colonic epithelium releases acetylcholine upon contact with propionate, a product of microbial carbohydrate fermentation.
  • The non-neuronal cholinergic system in the caecum, a major fermentation site, remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and function of the non-neuronal cholinergic system in the rat caecum.
  • To determine the role of propionate in stimulating this system.
  • To elucidate the communication mechanisms between the gut microbiome and the host in the caecum.

Main Methods:

  • Ussing chamber experiments to measure ion secretion.
  • Concentration-dependent application of propionate.
  • Pharmacological blockade using atropine, tetrodotoxin, conotoxins, and hexamethonium.
  • Immunohistochemical staining for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT).

Main Results:

  • Propionate induced a concentration-dependent chloride secretion (measured as short-circuit current, Isc) in the caecum.
  • This response was significantly stronger in the aboral compared to the oral caecum.
  • The propionate-induced Isc was blocked by atropine but not by neuronal blockers, indicating a non-neuronal mechanism.
  • Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression showed a gradient, higher in the aboral than oral caecum.
  • Cholinergically induced anion secretion was more efficient in the aboral segment.

Conclusions:

  • Propionate stimulates anion secretion in the rat caecum via non-neuronal acetylcholine.
  • The non-neuronal cholinergic system in the caecum plays a significant role in mediating communication between the gut microbiome and the host.
  • A functional and segmental gradient of the non-neuronal cholinergic system exists in the rat caecum.