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Cocoa Flavanol Supplementation and Exercise: A Systematic Review.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Cocoa flavanols (CFs) possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • CFs may enhance vascular function and potentially improve exercise performance and recovery.
  • This review investigates CFs' impact on exercise outcomes and physiological markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on cocoa flavanol intake.
  • To evaluate CFs' effects on exercise performance and recovery.
  • To assess exercise-induced changes in vascular function, cognition, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Searched two databases (PubMed, Web of Science) for human studies combining CF intake and exercise.
  • Included studies specifying the exact amount of CFs consumed.
  • Assessed methodological quality and bias of 13 randomized controlled trials.

Main Results:

  • Acute, sub-chronic, and chronic CF intake reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress.
  • CF intake altered fat and carbohydrate metabolism during exercise.
  • Chronic CF intake improved mitochondrial efficiency in untrained individuals, but no ergogenic effects were found in athletes.

Conclusions:

  • CF intake may improve vascular function and reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress.
  • CFs alter substrate utilization during exercise but do not enhance performance.
  • Further research is needed on the synergistic effects of chronic CF intake and exercise training.