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Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
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Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
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Buffers02:56

Buffers

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A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
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Buffers: Buffer Capacity01:09

Buffers: Buffer Capacity

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Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
In the graph, pH is plotted as a function of the number of moles of base (Cb) added to a weak...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

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Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Imaging Calcium in Drosophila at Egg Activation
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Calcium Buffer Injections Arrest Fucoid Egg Development by Suppressing Calcium Gradients.

J E Speksnijder, M H Weisenseel, T H Chen

    The Biological Bulletin
    |January 5, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Calcium ion flow is crucial for fucoid egg development. Researchers used calcium buffers to block rhizoidal growth, finding specific buffer concentrations effectively inhibit cell division and outgrowth.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Cell Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Polarity establishment in fucoid eggs is linked to rhizoidal growth initiation.
    • A localized increase in intracellular calcium concentration is hypothesized to drive tip formation and outgrowth.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of calcium ions in fucoid egg polarity and outgrowth.
    • To test the model of calcium influx establishing a high calcium zone for tip formation.

    Main Methods:

    • Injected six different BAPTA-type calcium buffers into Pelvetia eggs prior to normal outgrowth.
    • Determined the critical inhibitory concentrations of buffers required to block development.
    • Analyzed the relationship between buffer dissociation constant (KD) and inhibitory effectiveness.

    Main Results:

    • All injected buffers blocked outgrowth and cell division for up to two weeks.
    • Buffers with a KD around 5 µM were most effective in inhibiting development.
    • The inhibitory concentration of buffers showed a U-shaped relationship with KD, peaking at approximately 5 µM.

    Conclusions:

    • Calcium ion gradients are essential for initiating and sustaining rhizoidal outgrowth in fucoid eggs.
    • The study supports the model that a localized high calcium concentration is critical for polarity establishment.
    • The findings provide quantitative insights into the role of calcium in early embryonic development.