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Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
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Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
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Group Polarization01:01

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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
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Frailty: mind the gap.

Alison M Mudge1, Ruth E Hubbard2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Aged Care, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Age and Ageing
|January 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frailty research requires clearer definitions and more intervention studies. Patient perspectives are crucial to avoid negative implications and ensure this concept aids, rather than harms, vulnerable older adults.

Keywords:
ageismfrailtyolder peoplestereotyping

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Aging Research
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Frailty has gained significant research and media attention over the last 15 years.
  • Despite its potential in geriatric medicine, conceptual inconsistencies and semantic dissonance exist.
  • Different definitions of frailty lead to varied patient populations in studies, complicating findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the semantic dissonance in frailty conceptualization.
  • To address the gap between frailty association studies and intervention research.
  • To emphasize the need for patient perspectives in frailty research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual analysis of frailty research.
  • Examination of the gap between observational and interventional studies.
  • Analysis of the implications of the term 'frailty' on patient perception.

Main Results:

  • Inconsistent definitions of frailty create challenges in comparing study populations and findings.
  • A significant gap exists between studies on frailty associations and those testing interventions, leaving empirical benefits unclear.
  • The term 'frailty' carries pejorative connotations, potentially leading to negative priming and adverse functional effects.

Conclusions:

  • Future research must establish a stronger evidence base for frailty interventions.
  • Incorporating patient perspectives is essential for ethical and effective frailty research.
  • Care must be taken to prevent frailty research from becoming a tool for ageism and discrimination.