Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Using Adhesive Patterning to Construct 3D Paper Microfluidic Devices
Published on: April 1, 2016
A Fully Integrated Paper-Microfluidic Electrochemical Device for Simultaneous Analysis of Physiologic Blood Ions
Joon-Hyung Jin1, Joon Hyub Kim2, Sang Ki Lee3
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea. jjh1023@kgu.ac.kr.
Abstract:
A fully integrated paper microfluidic electrochemical device equipped with three different cation permeable films is developed to determine blood ions (Cl-, Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca2+) at a time. These blood ions that are normally dissolved in the real human blood stream are essential for cell metabolisms and homeostasis in the human body. Abnormal concentration of blood ions causes many serious disorders. The optimized microfluidic device working without any external power source can directly and effectively separate human blood components, and subsequently detect a specific blood ion with minimized interference. The measured sensitivity to Cl-, K⁺, Na⁺, and Ca2+ are -47.71, 45.97, 51.06, and 19.46 in mV decade-1, respectively. Potentiometric responses of the microfluidic devices to blood serum samples are in the normal ranges of each cation, and comparable with responses from the commercial blood ion analyzer Abbott i-Stat.
Related Concept Videos
What is an Electrochemical Gradient?
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow
Ion Channels
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
Common Ion Effect
Precipitation of Ions
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration

