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Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Obesity: Pathophysiology and Management.

Kishore M Gadde1, Corby K Martin1, Hans-Rudolf Berthoud1

  • 1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|January 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity management faces challenges with lifestyle changes. However, drug therapies, medical devices, and bariatric surgery offer effective options for long-term weight control and improving related health conditions.

Keywords:
adipose tissueantiobesity drugsbariatric surgeryobesityoverweightweight loss

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obesity is a global health crisis with significant links to type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Current lifestyle modification strategies for obesity management often face challenges with patient adherence and physiological adaptations to weight loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of obesity pathophysiology.
  • To outline available pharmacological and surgical interventions for obesity management.
  • To emphasize the importance of benefit-risk assessment in treatment decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on obesity pathophysiology.
  • Summary of currently approved pharmacotherapies for weight management (orlistat, lorcaserin, liraglutide, phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion).
  • Overview of medical devices and bariatric surgery for obesity treatment.

Main Results:

  • Excess adiposity contributes to major chronic diseases.
  • Pharmacotherapies, medical devices, and bariatric surgery offer various options for weight management.
  • Bariatric surgery provides significant weight loss and diabetes resolution, particularly for severe obesity.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, effective pharmacological and surgical treatments exist for obesity.
  • Treatment decisions should be individualized based on a careful evaluation of benefits and risks.
  • Continued research and understanding of obesity pathophysiology are crucial for developing better interventions.