Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 16, 2026
07:30
3D Printing Model of a Patient's Specific Lumbar Vertebra
Published on: April 14, 2023
2.6K
Block vertebra.
Avinash Alva1, Dimpu Bhagawati1, Hilali Noordeen1
1Spinal Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK.
BMJ Case Reports
|January 6, 2018
Summary
Congenital kyphosis, a spinal deformity, was diagnosed in a child with an unsegmented vertebra. Posterior fusion surgery successfully corrected the deformity and prevented further progression, avoiding potential paralysis.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Orthopaedics
- Spinal Deformities
- Congenital Vertebral Anomalies
Background:
- Congenital kyphosis presents a significant challenge in pediatric spinal care.
- Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing spinal deformities in children.
- Unsegmented vertebrae are a known cause of congenital spinal deformities.
Observation:
- A 5-year-old child with congenital kyphosis was initially evaluated before age one.
- A definitive diagnosis of unsegmented vertebra was established upon referral to a specialized unit.
- The patient presented with a partially corrected deformity after initial orthopedic consultation.
Findings:
- Posterior fusion surgery was performed to address the congenital kyphosis.
- The surgical intervention led to partial improvement of the spinal deformity.
- The treatment effectively halted the progression of the kyphosis.
Implications:
- Timely surgical management, such as posterior fusion, can correct congenital kyphosis.
- Preventing deformity progression is key to avoiding long-term complications like pain and paralysis.
- This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and specialized care for pediatric spinal anomalies.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:30General Structure of a Vertebra
7.1K
A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
7.1K
01:22Block Diagram Reduction
574
The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
574
01:25Elements of Block Diagrams
737
Block diagrams serve as a visual representation of the input-output relationships within a system. An illustrative example is a heating system, where the set temperature activates the furnace to warm the room to the desired level. Block diagrams are versatile, modeling linear systems through Laplace transform variables and nonlinear systems using time domain variables.
A block diagram typically includes essential elements such as comparators, blocks, and feedback loops. Each of these elements...
A block diagram typically includes essential elements such as comparators, blocks, and feedback loops. Each of these elements...
737
01:20Relation between Mathematical Equations and Block Diagrams
3.5K
In a spring-mass-damper system, the second-order differential equation describes the dynamic behavior of the system. When transformed into the Laplace domain under zero initial conditions, this equation can be effectively analyzed and manipulated. The transformation into the Laplace domain converts differential equations into algebraic equations, simplifying the process of isolating the output.
3.5K
01:30Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia
2.2K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
2.2K
01:20Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs
271
Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs are crucial methodologies used in evaluating and comparing the bioavailability of different drug products. These designs are categorized into various types: completely randomized, randomized block, repeated measures, cross and carry-over, and Latin square designs.Completely randomized designs involve randomly allocating treatments to all subjects participating in the experiment. This allocation is achieved by assigning unique random numbers to...
271