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Related Concept Videos

Harmonic Mean01:09

Harmonic Mean

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The arithmetic mean is usually skewed towards the larger values in the data set. Therefore, to avoid this inherent bias towards smaller values, the harmonic mean is used.
Take the example of the speed of a car, which is the measure of the rate of distance traveled. If the vehicle traverses the same distance back-and-forth, its average speed equals the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken. However, if the car moves with varying speeds, then the arithmetic mean is more skewed...
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Simple Harmonic Motion01:21

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Simple harmonic motion is the name given to oscillatory motion for a system where the net force can be described by Hooke's law. If the net force can be described by Hooke's law and there is no damping (by friction or other non-conservative forces), then a simple harmonic oscillator will oscillate with equal displacement on either side of the equilibrium position. To derive an equation for period and frequency, the equation of motion is used. The period of a simple harmonic oscillator is given...
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Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion01:23

Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion

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To determine the energy of a simple harmonic oscillator, consider all the forms of energy it can have during its simple harmonic motion. According to Hooke's Law, the energy stored during the compression/stretching of a string in a simple harmonic oscillator is potential energy. As the simple harmonic oscillator has no dissipative forces, it also possesses kinetic energy. In the presence of conservative forces, both energies can interconvert during oscillation, but the total energy remains...
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Characteristics of Simple Harmonic Motion01:17

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The key characteristic of the simple harmonic motion is that the acceleration of the system and, therefore, the net force are proportional to the displacement and act in the opposite direction to the displacement. Additionally, the period and frequency of a simple harmonic oscillator are independent of its amplitude. For example, diving boards move faster or slower based on their thickness. A stiff, thick diving board has a large force constant, which causes it to have a smaller period, while a...
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Problem Solving: Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion01:17

Problem Solving: Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion

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Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is a type of periodic motion in time and position, in which an object oscillates back and forth around an equilibrium position with a constant amplitude and frequency. In SHM, there is a continuous exchange between the potential and kinetic energy, which results in the oscillation of the object.
Consider the spring in a shock absorber of a car. The spring attached to the wheel executes simple harmonic motion while the car is moving on a bumpy road. The force on the...
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Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion01:42

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While simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion may be two separate concepts, they correlate and interlink with each other. Simple harmonic motion is an oscillatory motion in a system where the net force can be described by Hooke's law, while uniform circular motion is the motion of an object in a circular path at constant speed.
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Guidelines and Experience Using Imaging Biomarker Explorer IBEX for Radiomics
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A Postreconstruction Harmonization Method for Multicenter Radiomic Studies in PET.

Fanny Orlhac1, Sarah Boughdad2,3, Cathy Philippe4

  • 1Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, CEA-SHFJ, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France orlhacf@gmail.com.

Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
|January 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new method to standardize radiomic features from PET scans across different hospitals. The technique effectively removes scanner and protocol variations, improving multicenter research and clinical application of radiomic models.

Keywords:
PETharmonizationradiomicstexture analysistumor heterogeneity

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Area of Science:

  • Radiomics and Medical Imaging
  • Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers
  • Multicenter Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Radiomic features are sensitive to variations in PET image acquisition and reconstruction parameters.
  • These variations hinder the reliability and reproducibility of multicenter studies.
  • Standardization is crucial for robust radiomic model development and clinical implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel harmonization method for standardizing radiomic features from 18F-FDG PET images.
  • To remove the multicenter or scanner effect while preserving patient-specific biologic variations.
  • To enhance the feasibility of multicenter radiomics studies and external validation of models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pretreatment 18F-FDG PET images from breast cancer patients across two different departments with varying scanners and protocols.
  • Applied a harmonization technique, adapted from genomic data analysis, to estimate and remove the department effect.
  • Computed SUVs and textural features from lesion and healthy liver tissue volumes of interest (VOIs) and compared distributions before and after harmonization.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in feature distributions were observed between departments before harmonization.
  • The proposed harmonization method effectively eliminated significant differences in feature distributions across departments for both liver tissue and lesions.
  • Harmonization improved the identification of triple-negative (TN) breast cancer lesions when classification cutoffs were applied across datasets.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method efficiently removes multicenter effects on radiomic features (SUVs and textural features) without recalculating features.
  • It preserves biologically relevant variations and is easy to implement.
  • This harmonization facilitates multicenter studies, external validation of radiomic models, and their clinical adoption.