Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

79.3K
Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
79.3K
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

7.8K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
7.8K
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

30.1K
Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
30.1K
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

10.0K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
10.0K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

7.6K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
7.6K
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

25.5K
Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
25.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deep learning-based stratification of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder from real-world data reveals distinct profiles of common and rare variant genetic signal.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Developmental convergence and divergence in human stem cell models of autism.

Nature·2026
Same author

Rare genetic variants confer a high risk of ADHD and implicate neuronal biology.

Nature·2025
Same author

Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention.

Genome biology·2025
Same author

A foundational neuronal protein network model unifying multimodal genetic, transcriptional, and proteomic perturbations in schizophrenia.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

RNA: The Unsuspected Conductor in the Orchestra of Macromolecular Crowding.

Chemical reviews·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

26.4K

Function by Structure: Spotlights on Xist Long Non-coding RNA.

Greta Pintacuda1, Alexander N Young2, Andrea Cerase2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|January 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate development and disease. This review explores how Xist RNA structure dictates function, offering a model applicable to other lncRNAs.

Keywords:
3D-organizationRNA-protein interactionRNA-structureX chromosome inactivationepigeneticsxist RNA

More Related Videos

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood
09:40

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood

Published on: November 28, 2018

7.8K
Isolation of High-density Lipoproteins for Non-coding Small RNA Quantification
10:39

Isolation of High-density Lipoproteins for Non-coding Small RNA Quantification

Published on: November 28, 2016

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

26.4K
Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood
09:40

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood

Published on: November 28, 2018

7.8K
Isolation of High-density Lipoproteins for Non-coding Small RNA Quantification
10:39

Isolation of High-density Lipoproteins for Non-coding Small RNA Quantification

Published on: November 28, 2016

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as key regulatory molecules in biological processes.
  • Xist, a lncRNA, is essential for X chromosome inactivation, demonstrating complex regulatory roles.
  • lncRNAs function by scaffolding protein interactions, influencing gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methodologies for determining Xist RNA structure.
  • To elucidate the relationship between Xist RNA structure and its regulatory function.
  • To propose a generalized model for lncRNA function based on structural principles.

Main Methods:

  • Structural biology techniques to define RNA conformation.
  • Biochemical assays to assess protein-RNA interactions.
  • Bioinformatic analyses to compare lncRNA structures and functions.

Main Results:

  • Xist RNA possesses a defined structure that enables the recruitment of specific protein complexes.
  • Structural features of Xist are critical for its role in X chromosome inactivation.
  • A structure-function paradigm for lncRNAs is emerging, extending beyond Xist.

Conclusions:

  • The structure of lncRNAs, exemplified by Xist, is a primary determinant of their diverse regulatory functions.
  • Understanding lncRNA structure provides insights into their roles in development and disease.
  • A generalized model of modular lncRNA function based on RNA folding can be applied broadly.