Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 16, 2026
08:33
Ubiquitin Chain Analysis by Parallel Reaction Monitoring
Published on: June 17, 2020
4.1K
Fracton Topological Phases from Strongly Coupled Spin Chains
Gábor B Halász1, Timothy H Hsieh1, Leon Balents1
1Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
Physical Review Letters
|January 6, 2018
Summary
Researchers introduce a novel method for creating fracton topological phases using coupled spin chains. This approach simplifies the construction of these complex quantum phases, paving the way for easier experimental realization.
Area of Science:
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Quantum Field Theory
- Topological Phases of Matter
Background:
- Fracton topological phases are 3D topologically ordered phases.
- They feature exotic fractionalized excitations with restricted mobility (immobile or line/plane-bound).
- Understanding and constructing these phases is crucial for exploring novel quantum phenomena.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a new perspective on constructing fracton topological phases.
- To demonstrate a method for generating a wide range of fracton phases.
- To elucidate the generic properties of fracton phases through a concrete example.
Main Methods:
- Strongly coupling mutually intersecting spin chains.
- Developing a systematic translation from spin chain constructions to parton constructions.
- Utilizing spin models with only two-spin interactions.
Main Results:
- A wide range of fracton phases can be constructed via coupled spin chains.
- This construction method illuminates generic properties of fracton phases.
- A systematic translation to parton models, identifying line-mobile excitations, is established.
Conclusions:
- The coupled-spin-chain construction offers a simplified route to fracton phases.
- The inherent use of two-spin interactions brings experimental realization closer.
- This work provides a new framework for understanding and building fracton topological phases.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling
1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K
01:20Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)
1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
01:22Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)
1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
01:08NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling
3.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.3K
01:08Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview
1.5K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.5K
01:28Electron Transport Chains
113.3K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
The ETC is comprised of...
113.3K